Table 2.

Cause-specific mortalities in heart failure patients by race

	Rate/10,000 person-years follow-up (Deaths/follow-up in years)*		Rate difference** (/10,000 person-years)	Matched hazard ratio† (95% confidence interval)	P value
	White (N=1,018)	Nonwhite (N=1,018)
All-cause	1180 (347/2,941)	1130 (334/2,955)	− 50	0.95 (0.80–1.14)	0.593
Cardiovascular	911 (268/2,941)	856 (253/2,955)	− 55	0.95 (0.75–1.12)	0.388
Worsening heart failure‡	411 (121/2,941)	369 (109/2,955)	− 42	0.82 (0.60–1.11)	0.192
Other cardio-vascular§	500 (147/2,941)	487 (144/2,955)	− 13	1.00 (0.77–1.30)	1.000
Non-cardio-vascular	190 (56/2,941)	193 (57/2,955)	+ 3	1.02 (0.67–1.58)	0.913
Unknown	78 (23/2,941)	81 (24/2,955)	+ 3	1.27 (0.64–2.49)	0.494

^*Total follow up period is same for all cause-specific mortalities as for all-cause mortality

^**Absolute rate differences were calculated by subtracting the rates of death in the white group from the rates of death in the nonwhite group (before values were rounded).

^†Hazard ratios and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from matched Cox proportional-hazards models.

^‡This category includes patients who died from worsening heart failure, even if the final event was an arrhythmia.

^§This category include cardiac deaths presumed to result from arrhythmia without evidence of worsening heart failure and deaths due to atherosclerotic coronary disease, bradyarrhythmias, low-output states, and cardiac surgery and vascular deaths due to stroke, embolism, peripheral vascular disease, vascular surgery, and carotid endarterectomy.