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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychosom Med. 2007 May 17;69(4):306–312. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3180514d57

TABLE 4. Multivariate Associations of Self-Efficacy, Depressive Symptoms, and Cardiac Functions With Health Status in Participants With Coronary Heart Disease.

Symptom Burden
Odds Ratio
(95% CI)
Physical Limitation
Odds Ratio
(95% CI)
Quality of Life
Odds Ratio
(95% CI)
Overall Health
Odds Ratio
(95% CI)
Self-efficacy (per SD decrease) 1.3 (1.1-1.5) 1.9 (1.6-2.3) 1.6 (1.4-1.9) 2.1 (1.8-2.5)
Not a high school graduate 0.71 (0.45-1.1) 0.67 (0.43-1.1) 1.1 (0.70-1.6) 1 (0.66-1.5)
Poor social support 1.4 (1.03-1.9) 0.79 (0.57-1.1) 1.3 (0.93-1.8) 1.1 (0.85-1.5)
Depressive symptoms (PHQ ≤ 10) 1.7 (1.2-2.5) 2.7 (1.8-4.1) 2.8 (1.9-4.1) 1.6 (1.1-2.4)
Exercise capacity (per 3.3-MET decrease) 1.2 (0.95-1.4) 2.1 (1.7-2.6) 1.2 (0.97-1.4) 1.3 (1.1-1.6)
LVEF (per 10% decrease) 1.01 (0.85-1.2) 1 (0.83-1.2) 0.97 (0.81-1.2) 0.97 (0.82-1.1)
Wall motion score index (per 0.35 point increase) 0.99 (0.83-1.2) 1.1 (0.90-1.3) 1.04 (0.87-1.2) 1.1 (0.97-1.3)

CI = confidence interval; SD = standard deviation; PHQ = Patient Health Questionnaire; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction.