Table 3.
Supplementation Effects on Reports of Sleep in Young Children
| Iron-FA | Zinc | Interaction Term | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pemba Island, Zanzibara | |||
| Does napb | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | — |
| Number of napsc | 0.03 (−0.04 to 0.1) | −0.03 (−0.1 to 0.03) | — |
| Nap durationc | −0.05 (−0.2 to 0.1) | 0.01 (−0.1 to 0.1) | — |
| Nighttime sleepc | 1.1 (0.2 to 2.1)** | 0.7 (−0.2 to 1.6) | −1.5 (−2.8 to −0.3)* |
| Night wakingc | −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.2) | −0.3 (−0.6 to 0.1) | — |
| Total sleepc | 1.0 (0.04 to 2.1) | 1.0 (−0.1 to 2.1)* | −1.9 (−3.5 to −0.3)* |
| Sarlahi District–Nepald | |||
| Does napb | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.0) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.2) | — |
| Number of napsc | 0.06 (−0.02 to 0.1) | −0.01 (−0.1 to 0.1) | — |
| Nap durationc | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3) | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3) | — |
| Nighttime sleepc | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5)** | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3) | — |
| Night walkingc | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3) | −0.01 (−0.2 to 0.2) | — |
| Total sleepc | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7)** | 0.3 (0.03 to 0.5)* | — |
FA, folic acid, IDA, iron deficiency anemia; ZPP, zinc protoporphyrin.
Adjusted for baseline sleep, IDA, and breastfeeding; Sample sizes for regression analysis were: n = 646 for does nap, n = 508 for number of naps, n = 476 for nap duration, n = 584 for night sleep duration, n = 600 for night waking, n = 457 for total sleep duration.
Values given as odds ratio (95% CI).
Values given as β(95% CI).
Adjusted for sex, hemoglobin, ZPP, stunting, and caste/religion; adjusted for cluster randomization; robust estimates of variance; Sample sizes for regression analysis were: n = 455 for does nap, n = 354 for number of naps, n = 352 for nap duration, n = 415 for night sleep duration, n = 446 for night waking, n = 327 for total sleep duration.
p < .05,
p < .01.