Table 6.

Histopathological observations of liver and kidneys at 18 months

Groups Rat No.			Sucrose									D-Psicose
			1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8		9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Organs	Findings
Liver	Bile duct proliferation		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	±	+	±	+	+	+
	Necrosis		−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−		−	−	−	+	−	−	−	−
	Microgranuloma		±	±	±	−	±	±	±	−		−	±	±	±	±	±	±	±
	Fatty degeneration		−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−		±	−	+	−	−	−	+	±
	Fibrosis with brown pigmentation		−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−		−	−	−	−	−	−	±	−
		Scores†	3	3	3	2	3	3	3	2		3	3	4	5	2	3	6	4
		Total score	22									30*
Kidneys	Basophilic change in the tubule		++	++	++	++	++	++	++	+		++	++	++	++	++	++	++	++
	Hyaline cast in the tubule		++	++	++	+++	+++	+++	+	++		+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++
	Brown pigment deposition in the tubule		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
	Atrophy of the glomerulus		−	−	−	±	±	±	+	−		±	−	±	+	±	±	−	+
	Hyalinization in the glomerulus		±	+	±	+	+	+	+	±		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	++
	Thickening of Bowman’s capsule basement membrane		±	±	±	+	+	+	+	±		+	±	+	+	+	+	+	+
	Lymphocyte infiltration in the interstitium		+	±	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
		Scores†	12	12	12	16	16	16	17	11		16	14	16	17	16	16	15	18
		Total score	112									113

^†Quantify the findings level in each rats; −: 0, ±: 1, +: 2, ++: 3, +++: 4.

*Significant difference from the Sucrose group (*p<0.01, Student’s t tests).