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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Apr 29.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2009 Oct 29;461(7268):1278–1281. doi: 10.1038/nature08503

Figure 2.

Figure 2

(a) Single neurogliaform cells heterosynaptically modulate unitary glutamatergic connections linking other neurons. Simultaneous triple recording showing a pyramidal cell 1 (pyr1) to pyramidal cell 1 (pyr2) connection (test EPSPs) while switching the output of a neurogliaform cell on and off 60 ms before the first pyramidal spike. The neurogliaform cell suppressed the amplitude of the second, but not the first EPSPs evoked by pyramidal cell 1. (b) Activation sequence dependent cross modulation of unitary IPSP amplitudes between closely located neurogliaform cells. Top, Activation of neurogliaform cell 1 or 2 (ngf1, ngf2) followed by a spike in neurogliaform cell 2 or 1 resulted in sequential IPSPs in the postsynaptic pyramid (pyr). Bottom, Comparison of the amplitude of preceding and following IPSPs elicited by neurogliaform cell 1 or 2 indicates effective suppression of follower IPSPs.