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. 2009 Nov 12;4(11):e7806. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007806

Figure 5. Effects of VCC on permeability, cell viability and cytokine levels in intestinal epithelium tight monolayers.

Figure 5

TER (a, left y-axis), cytolysis (LDH release) (a, right y-axis), and IL-8 (b) and TNF-α (c) mRNA levels in polarized tight monolayer cells challenged with serial dilutions of pure VCC protein in LB broth at the apical side for 5 hours at 37°C. Results are from 3 independent experiments and presented as mean ±1 SD for each concentration. Rectangles indicate results at 160 ng VCC/ml.