Table 3.

Pain Characteristics

	Men	Women	Total
	n = 49	n = 72	N = 121
Characteristic
Years of chronic pain, M (SD)	9.3 (7.8)	9.8 (8.7)	9.64 (8.3)
Current level of pain, M (SD)a	3.94 (1.6)	3.90 (1.4)	3.92 (1.5)
Effectiveness of treatment, M (SD)b	3.0 (1.4)	2.8 (1.6)	2.9 (1.6)
% Pain Condition
Lower extremity	44.7	32.9	37.6
Cervical (neck)	25.5	22.9	23.9
Arthritis/Osteoarthritis	17.0	22.9	20.5
Upper extremity	14.9	15.7	15.4
Thoracic (upper back)	10.6	11.4	11.1
Headache	10.0	10.6	10.3
Pelvic	8.5	11.4	10.3
Fibromyalgia	6.4	11.6	9.5
Abdominal	4.3	5.7	5.1
% Taking a prescription opioid**	91.7	77.8	83.3
Type of Prescription Opioid Currently Taking
% Hydrocodone Products	34.7	29.2	31.4
% Oxycodone Productst	39.6	25.0	30.8
% Methadone	18.8	20.8	20.0
% Morphine	4.6	6.9	10.0
% Fentanyl*	0.0	6.9	4.2
% Hydromorphone	4.2	1.4	2.5
% Codeine	2.1	1.4	1.7
% Buprenorphine	0.0	1.4	0.8

^aCurrent level of pain rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 = no pain to 6 = very intense pain.

^bEffectiveness of pain treatment was rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 = no reduction to 6 = almost pain free.

^**p = 04

^*p = .07

^tp = .09