Table 1. Effect of DEET preparations on worm establishment^a.

Agent (in 100 μl)	Schistosoma mansoni (in mice)b		Schistosoma japonicum (in mice)c		Schistosoma haematobium (in hamsters)d
	Sample size#	Percentage establishment	Sample size#	Percentage establishment	Sample size#	Percentage establishment
Isopropanol control	10	78.47 ± 7.48	10	70.30 ± 11.06	5	46.00 ± 16.83
20% DEET	10	0 ± 0	10	0 ± 0	10	0 ± 0
Liposome control	10	82.60 ± 4.67	ND	ND	5	38.00 ± 17.27
20% LipoDEET	10	0 ± 0	10	0 ± 0	10	0 ± 0
Ref.	[21]		–e		–f

^aWorm establishment was determined by perfusion on Day 39–42 for Schistosoma mansoni, on Day 28–32 for Schistosoma japonicum and on Day 80–95 for Schistosoma haematobium. ND, no data available.

^bMice were infected with 100 cercariae via the abdominal skin.

^cMice were infected with 100 cercariae via the abdominal skin.

^dHamsters were infected with 40 cercariae via the abdominal skin.

^eData obtained from B. Salafsky et al. (2000) Topical application of a long-acting, safe, formulation of N-N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) confers protection against Schistosoma japonicum. Abstract no. 507. 49th Annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene held 29th October to 2^nd November 2000, in Houston, TX, USA.

^fRamaswamy, K. and He, Y-X., unpublished data.