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Behavioral responses of previously defeated rats and controls to defeat-associated cues in adulthood. (A) Duration (mean ± SE s) of active exploratory behaviors, comprising locomotion, substrate sniffing and digging. (B) Duration (mean ± SE s) of behaviors indicative of risk assessment, comprising non-ambulatory scanning in the form of slow lateral head swaying while in a crouched posture. #Significant difference between treatment groups (p < 0.05).
