. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 2.

Published in final edited form as: Behav Neurosci. 2009 Jun;123(3):564–576. doi: 10.1037/a0015752

Table 3.

Correlations between altered adult limbic monoamine concentrations and expression of anxiety-like behavior following social defeat in adolescence.

Adult behavior	Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dopamine (DA)	Ventral dentate gyrus (DG) norepinephrine (NE)	Ventral dentate gyrus (DG) serotonin (5-HT)	Dorsal raphe nucleus (dRN) norepinephrine (NE)
Defeat context test
Active exploration (s)	R² = 0.11	R² = 0.514 (−)	R² = 0.16	R² = 0.033
	F(1,19) = 2.22	F(1,19) = 19.05	F(1,18) = 3.23	F(1,17) = 0.55
	p = 0.15	p < 0.001^*	p = 0.09	p = 0.47
Risk assessment (s)	R² = 0.052	R² = 0.412 (+)	R² = 0.082	R² = 0.095
	F(1,19) = 0.99	F(1.19) = 12.62	F(1,18) = 1.51	F(1,17) = 1.68
	p = 0.33	p = 0.002^*	p = 0.24	p = 0.21
EPM test
Open arm time (s)	R² = 0.195 (−)	R² = 0.38 (+)	R² = 0.023	R² = 0.27 (−)
	F(1,16) = 3.63	F(1,16) = 9.33	F(1,15) = 0.324	F(1,14) = 4.92
	p = 0.076	p = 0.008^*	p = 0.58	p = 0.045^*
Open arm distance (cm)	R² = 0.194 (−)	R² = 0.53 (+)	R² = 0.03	R² = 0.29 (−)
	F(1,15) = 3.36	F(1,15) = 15.6	F(1,14) = 0.395	F(1,15) = 5.71
	p = 0.083	p = 0.001^*	p = 0.54	p = 0.031^*

Significant correlation; (+) and (−) indicate positive and negative correlations respectively.