Model 1: (a) The structure of the De Young–Keizer IP3R subunit model. The graph shows the dependence of (b) the open probability PO, (c) the mean open time τO, and (d) the mean close time τC as a function of Ca2+ concentration for different concentrations of IP3. The lines show the results calculated with the deterministic transition matrix theory and the symbols show the results obtained from single-channel patch clamp from IP3R on native nuclear membranes (Refs. 11, 12, 13). Here, thick lines and stars are for [IP3]=10 μM, thin lines and circles are for 0.033 μM, dashed lines and squares are for 0.02 μM, and dotted lines and triangles are for 0.01 μM. Same notations are used in the following figures. The parameters used in the model are K1=0.0072 μM, K2=78 μM, K3=0.22 μM, K4=K1K2∕K3, K5=0.21 μM, a1=500 μM−1 s−1, a2=0.01 μM−1 s−1, and a5=400 μM−1 s−1.