Table I.
Characteristics of the children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) participating in the study
| Diagnosis | Sex | Age | Body mass index, kg/m2 |
Femur length, cma |
Resting angle, ° |
Knee extension passive range of motion, ° |
Gross Motor Function Classification System level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diplegia | F | 11y 4mo | 16.9 | 27.2 | 15 | − 18 | III |
| Diplegia | F | 15y 1mo | 18.1 | 34.0 | 28 | − 28 | III |
| Quadriplegia | F | 19y 1mo | 19.8 | 35.2 | 20 | − 20 | IV |
| Diplegia | M | 10y | 22.6 | 35.0 | 14 | − 14 | III |
| Diplegia | F | 7y 6mo | 17.9 | 25.2 | 6 | 0 | III |
| Diplegia | M | 7y 5mo | 20.0 | 29.4 | 9 | 0 | I |
| Triplegia | M | 11y 6mo | 15.6 | 31.0 | 20 | − 18 | IV |
| Diplegia | M | 13y | 19.3 | 29.2 | 22 | − 16 | III |
| Diplegia | M | 8y 1mo | 17.1 | 27.2 | 16 | − 10 | III |
| Triplegia | F | 10y 5mo | 13.6 | 28.5 | 22 | − 4 | II |
| Triplegia | M | 11y 8mo | 23.7 | 33.7 | 15 | − 12 | III |
| Quadriplegia | M | 9y 6mo | 15.0 | 30.0 | 15 | − 12 | IV |
| Diplegia | M | 10y 8mo | 12.9 | 32.4 | 8 | 0 | I |
| Diplegia | F | 13y 9mo | 16.4 | 37.4 | 10 | − 8 | III |
| Diplegia | F | 10y 9mo | 14.5 | 33.0 | 12 | − 12 | II |
| Diplegia | F | 14y 5mo | 18.2 | 37.5 | 6 | − 4 | I |
| Diplegia | F | 16y | 22.0 | 42.0 | 7 | + 4 | I |
| Quadriplegia | M | 15y 5mo | 19.5 | 40.0 | 26 | − 20 | III |
|
| |||||||
| CP group, mean (SD) |
9F, 9M |
12y (3y 2mo) | 17.9 (3.1) | 32.7 (4.7) | 15.1 (6.8)b | − 10.7 (8.7)b | I=4 II=2 III=9 IV=3 |
|
| |||||||
| Typically developing group, mean (SD) |
10F, 2M |
12y 4mo (3y 11mo) |
18.9 (3.0) | 36.0 (4.5) | 7.8 (1.8) | + 2.6 (3.3) | NA |
a
Femur length calculated as greater trochanter to lateral femoral condyle distance.
b
significant differences between groups (p<0.05). + indicates hyperextension; − indicates lack of full extension; F, female; M, male; NA, not applicable.