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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 Apr 21;51(10):800–806. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03307.x

Table II.

Differences between groups in measures of muscle architecture and size

Cerebral palsy Typically developing p Effect size
(Cohen’s d)
RF cross-sectional area, cm2a 3.91 (1.51) 7.58 (1.88) 0.001 2.2
RF muscle thickness, cm 1.36 (0.38) 2.01 (0.30) 0.001 1.9
RF fascicle length, cm 7.08 (2.14) 9.75 (2.29) 0.003 1.2
RF fascicle angle, ° 11.58 (3.18) 12.51 (3.36) 0.450 0.3
VL muscle thickness, cm 1.22 (0.44) 1.78 (0.61) 0.007 1.1
VL fascicle length, cm 7.19 (2.24) 7.52 (1.20) 0.638 0.2
VL fascicle angle, ° 10.25 (3.38) 13.54 (2.94) 0.010 1.0

Data are provided as means (SD).

a

n=8 for the typically developing group; otherwise n=12 for this group. RF, rectus femoris; VL, vastus lateralis.