Table I.
Summary of clinical data from patients with APSa
| Age | Ethnicity | Other Disease | Live Births |
PM History | VT History | Clinical aCL |
Clinical anti-β2GPI |
Clinical LA |
Lab* aCL (GPLU) |
Lab* anti-β2GPI (% HCAL activity) |
Other autoAbs |
Treatments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VT1 | 46 | Caucasian | - | 0 | - | 5× TIA | + | NT | − | 50 | >50% | - | Warfarin; Diclofenac |
| VT2 | 39 | Asian | SLE; CAPS; HT | 0 | - | CAPS: Palmar thrombosis | − | + | + | >96 | >50% | ANA ENA DNA | Aspirin; Alendronate; Prednisolone; Losartan; Atorvastatin; Morphine Sulphate; Oramorph |
| VT3 | 25 | Caucasian | SLE; autoimmune hypothyroidism | 1 | - | 1× PE | − | + | − | 85 | >50% | ANA ENA DNA | Warfarin; Aspirin; Hydroxychloroquine; Calcium; Thyroxine |
| VT4 | 60 | Caucasian | - | 0 | - | 1× CVA | + | + | + | >96 | >100% | - | Warfarin; Aspirin |
| VT5 | 72 | Caucasian | SLE | 2 | - | 1× DVT | + | + | + | 90 | >100% | ANA DNA | Warfarin |
| VT6 | 35 | Caucasian | SLE | 0 | - | 1× CVA | + | NT | + | 70 | >100% | ANA DNA | Warfarin; Azathioprine |
| PM1 | 51 | Caucasian | - | 1 | 1× 2nd trimester PL; 1× death in utero due to rhesus incompatibility | - | + | + | + | >96 | >100% | ANA | Aspirin |
| PM2 | 50 | Caucasian | ITP; IDDM | 3 | 1× 2nd trimester PL | - | + | + | + | >96 | >100% | ANA DNA | Aspirin; Rituximab; Insulin |
| PM3 | 60 | Caucasian | HT | 1 | 3× 2nd trimester PL; 1× LB 36/52 weeks (Pre-eclampsia & IUGR) | - | + | NT | + | >90 | >100% | - | Aspirin; Amlodipine; Enalapril |
| PM4 | 64 | Caucasian | - | 0 | 5× 1st trimester PL; 1× 2nd trimester PL | - | − | + | + | 50 | >100% | - | Aspirin; Hydroxychloroquine |
| PM5 | 45 | Oriental | SLE | 0 | 2× 2nd trimester PL; 1× ectopic pregnancy | - | + | NT | + | <30 | - | ANA ENA DNA | Prednisolone; Azathioprine |
| PM6 | 47 | African-Caribbean | SLE | 2 | 1× LB delivered at 5/12 months (low birth weight); 1× ectopic pregnancy | - | − | − | + | 50 | - | ANA ENA DNA | Hydroxychloroquine; Diclofenac |
| VT/PM1 | 51 | Caucasian | HT | 2 | 1× LB at 32/52 weeks | 1× PE | + | NT | + | >90 | >100% | ANA | Warfarin; Aspirin; Nifedipine |
| VT/PM2 | 52 | Caucasian | HT | 0 | 3×1st trimester PL; 1× 2nd trimester PL | 1× DVT | − | NT | + | 90 | 100% | ANA | Warfarin; Telmisartan |
| VT/PM3 | 40 | Caucasian | - | 0 | 1× IUD 23/52 weeks due to placental thrombosis | 1× CVA | + | NT | + | >96 | >100% | - | Aspirin |
| VT/PM4 | 52 | Caucasian | - | 2 | 1× LB at 29/52 weeks (preeclampsia); 1× blighted ovum | 1× PE; 2× CVA | + | + | + | >96 | >100% | - | Warfarin |
| VT/PM5 | 34 | Caucasian | - | 0 | 1× 1st trimester PL; 2× 2nd trimester PL | 1× DVT | + | + | + | 70 | >100% | - | Warfarin |
| VT/PM6 | 51 | Caucasian | - | 3 | 1× 2nd trimester PL (twins) | 3× CVA; 1× DVT; 1× PE | + | NT | + | 90 | >100% | - | Warfarin |
Purified IgG at 500µg/ml was tested for anticardiolipin and anti-β2GPI activity using cardiolipin calibrators and HCAL, respectively. Values are shown in GPLU and as a percentage of HCAL activity. Serum lupus anticoagulant activity was measured using either dRVVT or aPPT. All positive ANA are ≥ 1/80.
Abbreviations: aβ2GPI: anti-β2GPI antibodies; aCL: anticardiolipin antibodies; ANA: antinuclear antibodies; CAPS: catastrophic APS; CNS; central nervous system; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; DNA: anti-DNA antibodies; DVT: deep vein thrombosis; ENA: extractrable nuclear antigens; HT: hypertension; IDDM: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; IUD: intrauterine death; IUGR: intra-uterine growth restriction; PE: pulmonary embolism; PL: pregnancy loss PM: Pregnancy Mortality; ITP: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; LA: lupus anticoagulant; LB: live birth; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; TIA: transient ischaemic attack; VT: vascular thrombosis.