. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 3.

Published in final edited form as: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004 May;45(4):801–812. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00273.x

Table 3.

Regressions examining race as a moderator of the link between physical discipline and adolescent externalizing behaviors in Grade 11

Step	Predictor	YSR externalizing^a		CBCL externalizing^b		Reactive/Proactive aggression^a		Reactive/Proactive aggression^b		Violence^a		School trouble^a		Police trouble^a

		β	ΔR²	β	ΔR²	β	ΔR²	β	ΔR²	β	ΔR²	β	ΔR²	β	ΔR²
1	Race	−.01	.06^**	.01	.12^***	.10	.14^***	−.07	.09^***	.05	.10^***	.06	.10^***	.06	.08^***
	Gender	−.03		.00		−.30^***		−.05		−.21^***		−.11^*		−.16^**
	Parent marital status	−.16^**		−.18^**		−.11^*		−.11^*		−.11^*		−.19^***		−.12^*
	SES	−.02		−.16^**		−.07		−.17^**		−.06		−.10		−.08
	Difficult temperament	−.04		.06		.01		.03		−.03		.00		.00
	Unadaptable	−.13^*		−.08		−.04		−.10		−.12^*		−.06		−.13^*
	Resistance to control	.14^*		.14^*		.04		.19^**		.11		.08		.02
2	Early physical discipline	.05	.00	.17^**	.03^**	.06	.00	.16^**	.02^**	.03	.00	.09	.01	.02	.00
3	Early discipline × Race	−.12^*	.01^*	−.07	.00	−.07	.00	−.01	.00	−.09	.01	−.17^**	.02^**	−.12^*	.01^*
2	Adolescent physical discipline	.00	.00	.14^**	.02^**	.06	.00	.08	.01	.00	.00	−.02	.00	−.13^*	.01^*
3	Adolescent discipline × Race	−.16^*	.02^*	−.14^*	.01^*	−.16^*	.01^*	−.15^*	.01^*	−.21^**	.03^**	−.16^*	.02^*	−.18^**	.02^**

Note: Sample size ranges from 362 to 411.

Adolescent reported.

Mother reported.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.