Table 4.

Regression slopes depicting physical discipline × race interactions predicting externalizing behaviors

	Early physical disciplineb		Later physical disciplineb
Outcome	European American	African American	European American	African American
1. YSR externalizinga	.69	−1.37	1.44	−3.65*
2. CBCL externalizingb	1.46***	.19	3.19***	−1.11
3. Reactive/Proactive aggressiona	.04	−.04	.13*	−.18
4. Reactive/Proactive aggressionb	.09**	−.08	.17*	−.19
5. Violencea	.61	−1.45	2.12	−6.75
6. School troublea	1.12**	−1.66*	.88	−3.99*
7. Police troublea	.26	−.80	−.39	−3.11***

Note: Sample size ranges from 308 to 342 European Americans and from 51 to 69 African Americans. Controls for child gender, parent marital status, SES, difficult temperament, unadaptability, and resistance to control.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.

^aAdolescent reported.

^bMother reported.