TABLE 2.
Concentrations of AMB in plasma and in ELFa
| Parameter | Value for treatment groupb |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| LAMB | ABCD | ABLC | |
| Mean concn in ELF ± SEM (μg/ml) | 1.60 ± 0.58** | 0.38 ± 0.07* | 1.29 ± 0.71 |
| Mean concn in plasma ± SEM (μg/ml) | |||
| Liberated | 1.08 ± 0.31 | 0.57 ± 0.09 | NA |
| Lipid associated | 4.11 ± 1.61‡ | 0.54 ± 0.15‡ | NA |
| Total | 5.17 ± 1.89** | 1.12 ± 0.21* | 0.48 ± 0.18 |
| Mean penetration ratio ± SEM (%) | |||
| ELF/total plasma | 61 ± 25† | 125 ± 52† | 447 ± 224† |
| ELF/liberated plasma | 154 ± 44 | 153 ± 53 | NA |
| Highest ELF concn (μg/ml) | 6.01 | 1.70 | 6.97 |
| Respective penetration ratio (%) | 70 | 1,371 | 942 |
| Respective time from start of AMB infusion to BAL (h) | 6.25 | 24.00 | 5.50 |
| Respective cumulative dose (mg) | 2,600 | 900 | 11,700 |
| Concn measured at maximum time from start of AMB infusion to BAL | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.84 |
| Time from start of AMB infusion to BAL (h) | 146.00 | 48.00 | 19.50 |
| Penetration ratio (%) | 242 | 180 | 1,276 |
| Cumulative dose (mg) | 1,775 | 1,375 | 150 |
NA, not available. For the ABLC group, the chromatographic separation of lipid-associated and liberated AMB in plasma was not feasible. For patients who underwent more than one BAL, the mean concentration in ELF and penetration ratio were applied for statistical calculations. A P value of <0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. The penetration ratio was defined as the AMB concentration in ELF/simultaneous total AMB plasma level (%). The differences in concentrations in ELF between the treatment groups did not reach significance (LAMB vs. ABCD, P = 0.21; ABCD vs. ABLC, P = 0.08; LAMB vs. ABLC, P = 0.95).
**, concentrations in ELF in were significantly lower than the respective total levels in plasma (P = 0.001); *, AMB concentrations in ELF were significantly lower than the respective total levels in plasma (P = 0.01); ‡, in LAMB therapy, the levels of the lipid-encapsulated AMB fraction exceeded those in the ABCD group highly significantly (P < 0.001); †, the penetration ratio was significantly higher for patients on ABLC therapy than for those in the ABCD and LAMB groups (P < 0.05).