RND efflux operons in P. aeruginosa. Genes which encode protein components or characterized pumps are denoted by their gene names, and genes encoding protein components of uncharacterized pumps are designated with the P. aeruginosa (PA) numbers assigned in the annotated P. aeruginosa genome sequence (GenBank). Genes are depicted with the following color scheme: dark red arrow, transcriptional regulator-encoding gene; dark blue arrow, membrane fusion protein-encoding gene; light blue arrow, RND transporter-encoding gene; red arrow, outer membrane protein-encoding gene; and gold arrow, gene encoding a protein with unknown function. (Adapted from reference 234 with permission of the publisher.)