TABLE 3.
DI: classification, diagnostic codes, and associationsa
| Classification | Diagnosis (code) |
Reference(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ICD-10 | DSM-IV-TR | ||
| Primary DI | |||
| No underlying disorder or condition | Persistent delusional disorder (F22.0) | Delusional disorder, somatic type (297.1) | 30, 101, 108, 299, 322, 325 |
| Shared DI | Induced psychotic disorder (F24) | Shared psychotic disorder (297.3) | 6, 57, 60, 84, 103, 111, 112, 115, 155, 165, 192, 208, 213, 216, 231, 238, 299, 300, 322, 326, 344 |
| Secondary DI (secondary to another condition) | |||
| Psychiatric (“functional”) as concomitant symptom | |||
| Schizophrenia, usually paranoid | [Schizophrenia] (F20.x) | [Schizophrenia] (295.xx) | 6, 19, 47, 61, 116, 136, 192, 198, 299, 317, 318, 322, 337, 344, 352 |
| Affective disorders, mainly major depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms | [Mood disorder] (F3x.x) | [Mood disorder] (296.xx) | 6, 16, 35, 47, 85, 107, 110, 116, 123, 136, 172, 183, 192, 212, 237, 245, 289, 290, 295, 299, 300, 322, 344 |
| Oligophrenia/mental retardation | [Mental retardation] (F7x) | [Mental retardation] (317, 318) | 46, 212, 213, 259, 295, 299 |
| Anxiety disorders | 252, 300 | ||
| Borderline personality disorder | 237 | ||
| Substance- or medication-related (“toxic”) psychosis due to: | |||
| Psychotropic drugs | Acute intoxication (intoxication psychosis; F1x.05) or psychotic disorder, predominantly delusional (F1x.51) or predominantly hallucinatory (F1x.52) | Substance-induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations (292.11), with delusions (292.12) | |
| Cocaine | 51, 76, 83, 221, 297, 330 | ||
| Crack cocaine | 337 | ||
| (Meth)amphetamine | 65, 81, 156, 205, 299, 323 | ||
| Amphetamine plus THC | 234 | ||
| Pemoline (dopamine-releasing agent) | 164 | ||
| l-DOPA | 311 | ||
| Methylphenidate | 118, 303 | ||
| THC | 76, 227 | ||
| Alcohol | 32, 47, 136, 183, 227, 237, 295, 299 | ||
| Phenelzine (unselective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor) | 7, 186 | ||
| Polysubstance use | 47, 76, 237 | ||
| Medications | Organic hallucinosis/delusional disorder (F06.0/F06.2) | Substance-induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations (292.11), with delusions (292.12) | |
| Corticosteroids | 136, 299 | ||
| Antibiotics (clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin) | 306, 329 | ||
| Alpha b2 interferon plus ribavirin | 273 | ||
| Topiramate | 88 | ||
| Bromide intoxication | 182 | ||
| Based on other brain pathologies (“macroscopic”) or general medical conditions | Organic hallucinosis/delusional disorder (F06.0/F06.2) or dementia/delirium (see below) or persistant delusional disorder (F22.0), when DI is not considered to be a physiological consequence of the somatic disorder | Psychotic disorder due to … (indicate the general medical condition), with delusions (293.81) or with hallucinations (293.82), or dementia/dilirium (see below) or delusional disorder, somatic type (297.1), when DI is not considered to be a physiological consequence of the somatic disorder | |
| Brain disorders | |||
| Neurodegenerative disorders | |||
| Dementia, Alzheimer type | [Dementia] (F00-F03) | [Dementia] (294) | 35, 46, 47, 55, 108, 149, 198, 237, 251, 270, 299, 313, 323 |
| Cortical atrophy | 141 | ||
| Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy | 167, 311 | ||
| Huntington's disease | 226 | ||
| Multiple sclerosis | 192 | ||
| Brain stem and thalamus atrophy | 131 | ||
| Torticollis spasmodicus | 11 | ||
| Neurovascular disorders | |||
| Vascular/subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy/dementia | 30, 68, 96, 97, 135, 138, 141, 183, 198, 299, 315, 333 | ||
| Stroke | 2, 37, 68, 123, 192, 242, 244, 278, 294, 308, 336 | ||
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 89 | ||
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 68 | ||
| Brain tumors | 30, 138, 183, 217, 219, 283, 315, 333 | ||
| Pituitary tumor | 30, 183, 217, 315 | ||
| Craniopharyngioma | 333 | ||
| Infections | |||
| Meningitis | 268, 299 | ||
| Encephalitis | 299 | ||
| Neurosyphilis | 32, 78, 136, 299 | ||
| HIV encephalopathy | 106, 350 | ||
| Traumatic brain injury, including in thalamus | 14, 268, 299 | ||
| Posttraumatic epilepsy | 316 | ||
| Normal pressure hydrocephalus | 172 | ||
| Delirium, acute confusional states | [Delirium] (F05) | [Delirium] (293.0, 292.81, 780.09) | 47, 251 |
| Central anticholinergic delirium (doxepine, cetirizine) | 266 | ||
| General medical conditions (with pruritus or paresthesia) | |||
| Infections | |||
| Tuberculosis | 344 | ||
| Leprosy | 19, 33, 36 | ||
| Gonorrhea | 32 | ||
| Endocrine conditions | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 19, 52, 192, 198, 268, 299, 345 | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 132 | ||
| Panhypopituitarism | 207 | ||
| Hypoparathyroidism | 324 | ||
| Postpartum | 170 | ||
| Oncologic/hematologic conditions | |||
| Solid tumors, lymphoma | 19, 30 | ||
| Leukemia | 30, 299 | ||
| Anemia | 192, 268 | ||
| Vitamin deficiency | |||
| B1 | 9 | ||
| Niacin (B3) (pellagra) | 192, 264 | ||
| Folic acid (B9) | 9, 192, 207, 299 | ||
| B12 | 192, 212, 263 | ||
| Rheumatic conditions | |||
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 133 | ||
| M. Behçet | 67, 268 | ||
| Renal failure | 192, 268, 300 | ||
| Cholestasis with hyperbilirubinemia | 192, 247, 299 | ||
| Sensory deficits | |||
| Blindness | 295, 299 | ||
| Deafness | 295, 299 | ||
| Cardiovascular conditions | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 19, 78, 96, 135, 198 | ||
| Absolute arrhythmia | 198 | ||
| Arterial hypertension | 19, 78, 135, 198, 268 | ||
| Other | |||
| Hypernatremia | 89 | ||
a
Diagnoses appearing in square brackets need to be further specified according to the respective diagnostic system.