FIG. 3.

Biofilm formation by E. coli MS2027 and derivatives. Strains were grown in urine for 16 h in PVC microtiter plates under various conditions, as indicated. Biofilm formation was quantified by staining adhered cells with 0.1% crystal violet, resuspending them in ethanol-acetate (80:20), and measuring the absorbance at 595 nm. The results are the averages and standard deviations of three independent experiments. The data are the results for MS2027, MS2362 [MS2027(pMAS2027orf27::cam)], MS2181 [MS2027(pMAS2027mrk::cam)], MS2103 [MS2027(pMAS2027pilX::kan)], and MS2183 [MS2027(pMAS2027mrk::cam, pilX::kan)].