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. 2009 Sep 11;191(22):6804–6811. doi: 10.1128/JB.01006-09

FIG. 3.

FIG. 3.

Representative confocal micrographs of 4-h (left column) and 18-h (right column) biofilms showing mutualistic growth (top panels, P. gingivalis + F. nucleatum; middle panels, P. gingivalis + A. actinomycetemcomitans) and commensal growth (P. gingivalis + A. oris) in flow cells inoculated with two species. Bacterial cells were stained with species-specific fluorophore-conjugated immunoglobulin G (red, P. gingivalis; green, F. nucleatum/A. actinomycetemcomitans/A. oris), and cell-cell contact between species is evident.