q-PCR quantification of P. gingivalis cells alone in biofilms and with coaggregation partners in two-species-inoculated biofilms grown on polystyrene pegs submerged in 25% saliva and incubated anaerobically for 12, 24, or 36 h. (A) Single species, P. gingivalis; (B) two species, P. gingivalis (Pg) + Veillonella sp. (Va); (C) two species, P. gingivalis (Pg) + F. nucleatum (Fn); and (D) two species, P. gingivalis (Pg) + A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Statistically significant increases (P < 0.05) in bacterial growth on the pegs is indicated at the bottom of each panel; for example in panel B, “Pg 12 h - 24 h” indicates that significant growth of P. gingivalis occurred between 12 h and 24 h in the two-species biofilm with Veillonella sp.