FIG. 3.
RTD-1 treatment alters pulmonary cytokine responses to SARS-CoV. Lung tissues were harvested at days 2 (A) and 4 (B) postinfection, and cytokine responses were evaluated using the Bio-Plex cytokine assay (Bio-Plex Cytokine 23-Plex kit; Bio-Rad Laboratories) to identify changes in cytokine protein expression in lung homogenates from baseline and days 2 and 4 postinfection. The results are shown for sham treatment (normal saline alone), RTD-1 alone (5 mg/kg, two doses), SARS-CoV (3 × 105 PFU MA15) with RTD-1 treatment, and SARS-CoV alone. Note differences in y-axis scales between left and right panels. See the text for interpretation. Results are presented as means ± standard errors (n = 3; *, P ≤ 0.05 by Student's t test for SARS-CoV alone versus SARS-CoV plus RTD-1).