TABLE 1.
Summary of scrapie agent-induced cytokines in vivo and in vitro in wild-type mice, PrP-null mice, and anchorless PrP transgenic mice
| Cytokinesa | Cytokine productionb |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild-type PrP |
PrP-null |
Anchorless PrP |
|||||||
| Brain | MG | AG | Brainc | MG | AG | Brain | MG | AG | |
| CCL2 (MCP-1) | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | + |
| CCL3 (MIP-1α) | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| CCL5 (RANTES) | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − | + |
| CCL11 (eotaxin) | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | − |
| CXCL1 (KC) | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | ND | ND |
| CXCL10 (IP-10) | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | + | + |
| G-CSF | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | + |
| GM-CSF | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | ND | ND |
| IFN-γ | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | − |
| IL-1α | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | + |
| IL-1β | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − | + |
| IL-6 | + | − | + | − | − | − | − | + | + |
| IL-12p40 | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + |
| IL-12p70 | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| IL-13 | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | ND |
Only cytokines produced in scrapie agent-infected brain homogenates or in the supernatants of glial cells exposed to scrapie agent-infected brain homogenates are shown. The following cytokines were not detected in scrapie agent-infected brain homogenates and supernatant of glial cells exposed to scrapie agent-infected brain homogenates: CCL4 (MIP-1β), IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF. Glial cultures stimulated with LPS were positive for all cytokines tested.
Significant cytokine production (+) or no significant cytokine production (−) from C57BL/10 mice and transgenic mice. The brains of C57BL/10 mice producing wild-type PrP, PrP-null C57BL/10 mice, and transgenic mice expressing anchorless PrP mice were tested for cytokines or used to derive glial cells (microglia [MG] and astroglia [AG]). ND, not determined.
Scrapie agent-inoculated PrP-null mice (n = 2) were euthanized at 500 dpi for analysis of brain homogenates.