Table 1.

Summary of Studies Included in the Review

Study no./ Authors	Location	Project goals/ objectives	Research design/ methods	Partnership composed of	Project initiated by	Community Collaboration	Action taken by community/ outcomes
1 Farquhar & Wing.[13]	Rural eastern North Carolina	Investigate health effects of a flood and the needs of survivors	Cross-sectional/Quantitative & qualitative	A coalition of local CBOs & university researchers	A community coalition on the basis of input from flood survivors	Consultation; generated survey questions; conducted interviews; determined how to apply findings to create changes	Rallies, media and legislature advocacy/Extended provision of temporary housing for survivors
2 Wing.[14]	Rural Halifax County, North Carolina	Quantify potential impacts of industrial hog feeding operations on health and quality of life	Cross-sectional/Quantitative & qualitative	Community groups and university researchers	A grassroots environment al group	Determined the research problem, participated in developing survey, selecting research site, collecting data, and determining how to present the results	Plans to build hog feeding operations cancelled
3 McCauley et al.[15]; McCauley et al.[16]	Willamette Valley, OR	Assess pesticide exposure and its health effects	Cross-sectional/Quantitative & qualitative	CBOs and university researchers	A CBO and university researchers	Consultation on instrument design, data collection, data interpretation, and presentation of results; youth worked as research assistants	Not reported
4 Swartz et al.[17]	Baltimor e, MD	Test the effectiveness of a pollutant and allergen control strategy on childhood asthma	Randomized controlled trial/Quantitative	Community members, social worker, public health practitioner, & university researchers	University researchers	Consultation-- served on CAB to jointly develop principles of research protocol and to facilitate communication and recruitment	Not reported (University researchers assisted community beyond the conduct of the study)
5 Maslia et al.[18]	Ocean County, NJ	Assess environmental exposures and its effect on childhood cancers; Conduct community/professional education	Cross sectional and case control; quantitative	A community group, county & state health departments, federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease registry, & university researchers	Outgrowth of preliminary research, initiated by a community member and a nurse	Jointly developed research/action plan; consulted on further research activities; facilitated communication with community	Increased community/professional education; developed and implemented an environmental health curriculum for students
6 Quigley et al.[19]	Native American communities in NV, UT, and CA	Build community capacity for managing the health risks of nuclear contamination	Cross-sectional/quantitative & qualitative	Community groups, EH research institute, university researchers	An organization representing Native American Reservation Communities	Consultation; shared decision-making on grant applications, publications & presentations, staff recruitment; jointly developed a research plan & protocol, and educational program; collected data	Educational program developed and implemented for community and health care providers
7 Coburn.[20]	Brooklyn, NY	Investigate health risks of subsistence fishing	Cross-sectional/quantitative & qualitative	U.S. EPA scientists and a community group composed of CBOs	U.S. EPA scientists	Consultation; jointly developed a research plan & protocol; tailored and administered survey; made observations	Developed and conducted community education; identified alternative food sources
8 Quandt et al.[21]; Quandt et al.[22]; Quandt et al.[23]; Arcury et al.[24]	Rural east-central North Carolina	Formative research; design, implement, and evaluate health education interventions	Formative research (quantitative & qualitative); Intervention (randomized-controlled trial)	A CBO and university researchers	University researchers	Consultation; assisted in collaborated on research design, data collection, and design and implementation of intervention	Not reported
9 Loh et al.[25]	Boston, MA	Institute an air-monitoring system; establish a data management center; promote use of data by community to reduce exposures to air pollutants	Cross-sectional/quantitative & qualitative	A CBO, state department of environment al protection, county conservation district, university researchers	Youth and a CBO working with them	Defined research questions; collaborated on grant writing; collected data; developed and implemented interventions	Advocacy for measures to reduce air pollutants
10 Egren et al. [26]; Parker et al.[27]; Lewis et al.[28]; Keeler et al.[29]	Detroit, MI	Investigate environmental exposures; design and implement an intervention study to reduce asthma triggers	Randomized controlled trial/quantitative	Community members, CBOs, city health department, a health care system, university researchers	Grew out of an existing CBPR partnership	Collaborated on research design, design of survey instruments, and participant & staff recruitment; collected data and implemented intervention	Not reported
11 Lee, Krause, & Goetchius.[10]; Krause, Scherzer & Rugulies.[30]	San Francisco, CA & Las Vegas, NV	Investigate health and workload issues of hotel room cleaners	Cross-sectional/quantitative & qualitative	Labor union, university researchers, university occupational health program	A labor union	Provided funding; defined research priorities and methods; collaborated on instrument development; recruited participants & collected data	Collective action that led to reduced workload and increased labor representation on problem-solving committee
12 Lipscomb et al.[31]	Rural North-eastern North Carolina	Investigate health effects of employment in poultry-processing plants	Cohort & cross-sectional/quantitative & qualitative	Community members as paid staff and university researchers	A CBO	Consultation; recruit participants; collect data; provide other research/administrative support	Not reported (research still under way)
13 Perera et al. 2002.[32]; Vasquez et al.[33]; Kinney et al.[34]	New York City, NY/African-American & Dominican	Assess the effects of exposures to air pollutants on infant/child health; test health education interventions	Prospective cohort/quantitative	A CBO/youth/university researchers/U.S. EPA	A CBO	Identified problem; consulted on study design; facilitated communication and collaboration with community; implemented	Public awareness campaign/advocacy for environmental justice policy and regulations/
14 Jordan et al.[35]	Minneapolis, MN	Investigate the effects of lead exposure on child development	Prospective cohort	Community residents, university researchers, local businesses, city/state health departments	Community residents	Consultation; set research agenda; made decisions on proposals and future research direction; collaborate on research design and data collection	Preventive action to change city policy and to create lead-safe transitional housing; advocacy for families impacted by lead
15 Krieger et al.[36]; Krieger et al.[37]; Krieger et al.[38]; Krieger et al.[39]	Seattle & King County, WA	Investigate indoor asthma triggers and implement intervention to reduce exposure to indoor asthma triggers	Randomized controlled trial/quantitative	CBOs, advocacy groups, Health dept., Housing Authority, and university researchers	Not stated	Provided input on research design and process; as research staff, conducted home environment assessment; implemented intervention;	Organized a policy advocacy group; identified policy advocacy issues; secured funding to evaluate substandard housing units
16 Litt et al.[40]	Boston, MA	Quantify lead levels in residential soil, reduce exposure to lead through low-cost landscaping interventions, and develop educational materials	Pilot study	A CBO, university researchers, EPA laboratory, community health center, local landscape contractors	Not stated	Shared local knowledge for site selection and the design of intervention; as staff, conducted outreach, education, & landscaping; donated materials and tools	Soil lead abatement as part of intervention; disseminate the model and information about the technology to other CBOs and government agencies
17 Hynes et al.[41]	Boston, MA	Investigate indoor environmental health issues, develop an action, and design/implement an educational program	Cross-sectional; quantitative	A community group, community health center, university researchers	University researchers	Consultation to guide survey construction and to provide feedback on survey	Educational programs developed; replacement of the central heating system at a public housing; a collaborative formed to improve community environmental health;
18 Brugge et al.[42]	Boston, MA	Investigate the connections between the environment and health in Chinatown	Cross-sectional; quantitative	CBO, Community Health Center, University researchers	Not stated	Provided cultural knowledge and local concern about environmental conditions; jointly developed instrument; administered survey	Not stated
19 Shurman & Israel.[43]; Shurman.[44]	South-central Michigan	Conduct needs assessment and develop/implement an intervention to reduce the long-term stress-related illness	Cross-sectional; quantitative & qualitative	Labor union, University researchers, Workers, Supervisors, & management	Initially by a company medical director but by the researchers for this particular project	Participated in diagnosing problems, developing/implementing a pilot intervention, evaluating outcomes, and making recommendations	A corporate-wide program reflecting recommendations implemented
20 Corburn.[20]	Brooklyn, NY	Conduct community health surveys focusing primarily on asthma	Cross-sectional; quantitative & qualitative	A CBO and a non-profit research organization	A CBO in response to local students’ suggestion	Consultation; jointly developed and administered survey; led focus group discussions	Developed and implemented community and professional education; organized residents to enroll in a free insurance program

CAB: Community Advisory Board