Table 1.
Risk factors associated with Hepatitis B in Males
| Risk factors |
HBV (n = 327) |
Controls (n = 723) |
Odds Ratio (OR) 95% Confidence Interval (CI) |
||||
| No | % | No | % | P-value | |||
| Any family member suffering from hepatitis B or C |
Yes | 140 | 42.8 | 33 | 4.6 | 15.6 (10.1-24.1) | 0.001 |
| No | 187 | 57.2 | 690 | 95.4 | |||
| Any family member died of liver disease |
Yes | 17 | 5.2 | 22 | 3.0 | 1.7 (0.8-3.4) | 0.124 |
| No | 310 | 94.8 | 701 | 97.0 | |||
| Where do you get your shave | No | 25 | 7.6 | 72 | 10.0 | Reference | |
| Home | 59 | 18.0 | 159 | 22.0 | 1.1 (0.6-1.9) | 0.919 | |
| Barber | 243 | 74.3 | 492 | 68.0 | 1.4 (1.0-2.3) | 0.184 | |
| Dental extract/filling/scaling | Yes | 117 | 35.8 | 151 | 20.9 | 2.1 (1.5-2.8) | 0.001 |
| No | 210 | 64.2 | 572 | 79.1 | |||
| Surgery | Yes | 47 | 14.4 | 82 | 11.3 | 1.3 (0.8-1.9) | 0.199 |
| No | 280 | 85.6 | 641 | 88.7 | |||
| Blood Transfusion | Yes | 13 | 4.0 | 15 | 2.1 | 1.9 (0.8-4.4) | 0.118 |
| No | 314 | 96.0 | 708 | 97.9 | |||
| History of IV/IM injection | Yes | 302 | 92.4 | 548 | 75.8 | 3.8 (2.4-6.1) | 0.001 |
| No | 25 | 7.6 | 175 | 24.2 | |||
| Number of IV/IM injections | None | 25 | 7.6 | 175 | 24.2 | Reference | |
| < 5/year | 136 | 41.6 | 383 | 53.0 | 2.5 (1.5-4.0) | 0.001 | |
| ≥ 5/year | 166 | 50.8 | 165 | 22.8 | 7.0 (4.3-11.6) | 0.001 | |
| Type of syringe | New | 16 | 4.9 | 178 | 24.6 | 8.6 (4.9-15.2) | 0.001 |
| Re-used | 286 | 87.5 | 370 | 51.2 | |||
| History of Hospitalization | Yes | 38 | 11.6 | 98 | 13.6 | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) | 0.444 |
| No | 289 | 88.4 | 625 | 86.4 | |||
Statistically significant p < 0.05