Fig. 2A–D.

Intraoperative photographs show the application of the combination of autologous bone graft (ABG) with bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) at the site of the tibial nonunion (8 months after the original fracture fixation) in Patient 43 (Table 1). Photographs show (A–B) the nonunion site with the intramedullary nailing (IMN) in situ after the débridement of the nonunion tissues, (C) application of the BMP-7 putty at the nonunion site, and (D) application of the ABG at the nonunion site.