Table 2.
Neuropsychological domains and individual tests comprising each domain with baseline performance by group.
Neuropsychological Domain | HC | SZ | BP | PsyDep |
---|---|---|---|---|
Processing Speed | ||||
Trail Making Test: Part A time1 | 26.12± 8.05 | 33.58± 21.14 | 31.18± 13.32 | 26.47± 7.80 |
Controlled Oral Word Association2 | ||||
Letters (mean C,F,L) | 13.49± 3.43 | 10.68± 3.54 | 12.93± 4.69 | 11.19± 3.46 |
Categories (mean animal, fruit) | 21.09± 4.50 | 15.10± 3.57 | 22.89± 5.53 | 17.22± 4.51 |
Cogtest3: Finger Tapping (dom. hand) | 196.5± 31.22 | 194.9± 28.86 | 179.7± 29.42 | 187.3± 28.55 |
Reasoning & Flexibility | ||||
Trail Making Test: Part B time1 | 64.16± 24.83 | 91.36± 37.57 | 82.71± 43.55 | 81.71± 34.13 |
Penn Conditional Exclusion Test3 | ||||
Total Trials | 66.67± 27.70 | 89.55± 31.76 | 77.95± 28.90 | 89.78± 24.07 |
Category 2 Trials | 18.57± 8.18 | 16.97± 8.25 | 17.73± 15.09 | 26.94± 19.28 |
Cogtest4 Set Shifting Test | ||||
Reaction Time increase after shift | 39.09± 42.06 | 84.43± 98.19 | 54.09± 55.50 | 52.29± 69.10 |
Error increase after shift | 0.37± 3.26 | 4.50± 9.49 | 1.14± 12.24 | 0.50± 7.50 |
Verbal Memory | ||||
CVLT-II (raw scores) | ||||
Total Trials 1-5 | 53.58± 10.59 | 38.48± 12.00 | 48.45± 11.67 | 44.74± 11.50 |
Short Delay Free Recall | 10.95± 2.83 | 7.31± 3.59 | 10.23± 2.71 | 8.74± 2.56 |
Long Delay Free Recall | 11.29± 2.87 | 7.38± 3.64 | 9.91± 3.41 | 9.26± 3.02 |
Recognition Discriminability | 3.24± 0.71 | 2.45± 0.91 | 3.10± 0.81 | 2.83± 0.78 |
Face Memory | ||||
Penn Face Memory Test3: Imm. Recog | 31.74± 3.63 | 27.77± 4.96 | 31.27± 3.97 | 28.94± 5.75 |
Penn Face Memory Test3: Delay Recog | 33.98± 3.56 | 30.44± 5.41 | 31.91± 4.25 | 32.44± 5.45 |
Working Memory | ||||
Cogtest4: Spatial Working Memory | ||||
Direct touch distance (mm) | 4.11± 1.57 | 4.46± 2.74 | 5.59± 2.99 | 4.39± 2.48 |
2 sec Delay Error (mm) | 15.03± 4.78 | 19.56± 5.39 | 15.79± 5.07 | 16.68± 5.84 |
12 sec Delay Error (mm) | 23.28± 8.44 | 30.44± 11.75 | 26.66± 10.61 | 28.28± 9.38 |
WMS-III: Digit Span backward (raw) | 7.30± 2.37 | 5.31± 2.29 | 5.55± 1.79 | 7.00± 2.85 |
WMS-III: Spatial Span backward (raw) | 7.47± 2.15 | 4.93± 1.98 | 6.36± 2.40 | 6.26± 1.94 |
Attention | ||||
Penn CPT3: d-prime | 3.13± 1.21 | 2.12± 1.36 | 2.18± 1.46 | 2.18± 1.34 |
WMS-III: Digit Span forward (raw) | 10.77± 2.51 | 9.38± 2.34 | 10.27± 2.75 | 10.16± 2.63 |
WMS-III: Spatial Span forward (raw) | 8.33± 2.11 | 6.72± 2.03 | 8.09± 2.31 | 7.53± 2.17 |
Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (Reitan and Wolfson, 1993);
Multilingual Aphasia Examination (MAE) (Benton AL and Hamsher K, 1976);
Penn Computerized Neuropsychological Battery (Gur et al., 2001);
Cogtest (Barua P et al., 2002); CVLT-II: California Verbal Learning Test – Second Edition (Delis DC et al., 2000); WMS-III: Wechsler Memory Scale – Third Edition (Psychological Corporation, 1997).