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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Schizophr Res. 2009 May 17;113(2-3):167–175. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.04.020

Table 2.

Neuropsychological domains and individual tests comprising each domain with baseline performance by group.

Neuropsychological Domain HC SZ BP PsyDep
Processing Speed
 Trail Making Test: Part A time1 26.12± 8.05 33.58± 21.14 31.18± 13.32 26.47± 7.80
 Controlled Oral Word Association2
  Letters (mean C,F,L) 13.49± 3.43 10.68± 3.54 12.93± 4.69 11.19± 3.46
  Categories (mean animal, fruit) 21.09± 4.50 15.10± 3.57 22.89± 5.53 17.22± 4.51
 Cogtest3: Finger Tapping (dom. hand) 196.5± 31.22 194.9± 28.86 179.7± 29.42 187.3± 28.55
Reasoning & Flexibility
 Trail Making Test: Part B time1 64.16± 24.83 91.36± 37.57 82.71± 43.55 81.71± 34.13
 Penn Conditional Exclusion Test3
  Total Trials 66.67± 27.70 89.55± 31.76 77.95± 28.90 89.78± 24.07
  Category 2 Trials 18.57± 8.18 16.97± 8.25 17.73± 15.09 26.94± 19.28
 Cogtest4 Set Shifting Test
  Reaction Time increase after shift 39.09± 42.06 84.43± 98.19 54.09± 55.50 52.29± 69.10
  Error increase after shift 0.37± 3.26 4.50± 9.49 1.14± 12.24 0.50± 7.50
Verbal Memory
 CVLT-II (raw scores)
  Total Trials 1-5 53.58± 10.59 38.48± 12.00 48.45± 11.67 44.74± 11.50
  Short Delay Free Recall 10.95± 2.83 7.31± 3.59 10.23± 2.71 8.74± 2.56
  Long Delay Free Recall 11.29± 2.87 7.38± 3.64 9.91± 3.41 9.26± 3.02
  Recognition Discriminability 3.24± 0.71 2.45± 0.91 3.10± 0.81 2.83± 0.78
Face Memory
 Penn Face Memory Test3: Imm. Recog 31.74± 3.63 27.77± 4.96 31.27± 3.97 28.94± 5.75
 Penn Face Memory Test3: Delay Recog 33.98± 3.56 30.44± 5.41 31.91± 4.25 32.44± 5.45
Working Memory
 Cogtest4: Spatial Working Memory
  Direct touch distance (mm) 4.11± 1.57 4.46± 2.74 5.59± 2.99 4.39± 2.48
  2 sec Delay Error (mm) 15.03± 4.78 19.56± 5.39 15.79± 5.07 16.68± 5.84
  12 sec Delay Error (mm) 23.28± 8.44 30.44± 11.75 26.66± 10.61 28.28± 9.38
 WMS-III: Digit Span backward (raw) 7.30± 2.37 5.31± 2.29 5.55± 1.79 7.00± 2.85
 WMS-III: Spatial Span backward (raw) 7.47± 2.15 4.93± 1.98 6.36± 2.40 6.26± 1.94
Attention
 Penn CPT3: d-prime 3.13± 1.21 2.12± 1.36 2.18± 1.46 2.18± 1.34
 WMS-III: Digit Span forward (raw) 10.77± 2.51 9.38± 2.34 10.27± 2.75 10.16± 2.63
 WMS-III: Spatial Span forward (raw) 8.33± 2.11 6.72± 2.03 8.09± 2.31 7.53± 2.17
1

Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (Reitan and Wolfson, 1993);

2

Multilingual Aphasia Examination (MAE) (Benton AL and Hamsher K, 1976);

3

Penn Computerized Neuropsychological Battery (Gur et al., 2001);

4

Cogtest (Barua P et al., 2002); CVLT-II: California Verbal Learning Test – Second Edition (Delis DC et al., 2000); WMS-III: Wechsler Memory Scale – Third Edition (Psychological Corporation, 1997).

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