Table 1.
DIF results Males versus Females (parameters with significant DIF boxed)
| Severitya |
Discriminationb |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endorsement (%) |
Male |
Female |
Group Severity DIF |
Male |
Female |
Group Slope DIF |
||||
| DSM-IV CD criteria | Male | Female | Severity (S.E.) | Severity (S.E.) | Contrast (S.E.) | p | Slope (S.E.) | Slope (S.E.) | Contrast (S.E.) | p |
| Bully | 10.5 | 3.8 | 1.80 (0.12) | 1.86 (0.18) | 0.07 (0.22) | 0.76 | 1.00 (0.08) | 0.99 (0.09) | 0.98 (0.12) | 0.85 |
| Fights | 4.8 | 1.1 | 2.40 (0.16) | 2.56 (0.29) | 0.16 (0.33) | 0.63 | 1.05 (0.09) | 1.03 (0.10) | 0.99 (0.13) | 0.88 |
| Weapons | 8.3 | 2.8 | 2.08 (0.13) | 1.98 (0.19) | −0.10 (0.23) | 0.67 | 1.02 (0.09) | 1.06 (0.10) | 1.04 (0.12) | 0.75 |
| Cruel to People | 2.9 | 0.9 | 2.88 (0.21) | 2.71 (0.30) | −0.17 (0.37) | 0.65 | 1.00 (0.09) | 1.03 (0.10) | 1.03 (0.14) | 0.82 |
| Cruel to Animals | 9.6 | 1.3 | 2.06 (0.13) | 2.57 (0.28) | 0.52 (0.31) | 0.09 | 0.91 (0.07) | 1.03 (0.10) | 1.13 (0.14) | 0.36 |
| Steal with Confront | 1 | 0.2 | 3.01 (0.21) | 3.54 (0.52) | 0.52 (0.57) | 0.36 | 1.09 (0.10) | 1.04 (0.10) | 0.96 (0.13) | 0.74 |
| Forced Sexc | ||||||||||
| Fire Setting | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3.97 (0.38) | 3.76 (0.66) | −0.21 (0.76) | 0.77 | 1.04 (0.10) | 1.07 (0.10) | 1.03 (0.15) | 0.82 |
| Destruction of Property | 21.5 | 6.6 | 1.07 (0.08) | 1.44 (0.14) | 0.37 (0.16) | 0.02 | 1.14 (0.09) | 0.99 (0.11) | 0.87 (0.11) | 0.23 |
| B & E | 7.3 | 1.8 | 1.98 (0.12) | 2.15 (0.22) | 0.18 (0.25) | 0.49 | 1.11 (0.10) | 1.06 (0.09) | 0.96 (0.13) | 0.73 |
| Lies | 11.1 | 6.5 | 1.69 (0.11) | 1.54 (0.16) | −0.15 (0.19) | 0.43 | 0.97 (0.08) | 0.88 (0.11) | 0.90 (0.10) | 0.35 |
| Steal no Confront | 47.2 | 34.8 | 0.24 (0.06) | −0.38 (0.07) | −0.62 (0.09) | 0.00 | 0.98 (0.08) | 0.87 (0.07) | 0.88 (0.10) | 0.25 |
| Out Late | 3.3 | 0.7 | 2.75 (0.21) | 2.91 (0.38) | 0.16 (0.43) | 0.71 | 0.97 (0.09) | 1.04 (0.10) | 1.07 (0.14) | 0.62 |
| Runaway | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.89 (0.20) | 2.13 (0.22) | −0.76 (0.30) | 0.01 | 1.02 (0.09) | 1.04 (0.10) | 1.02 (0.14) | 0.87 |
| Truant | 3.5 | 1.3 | 2.19 (0.16) | 2.23 (0.22) | 0.04 (0.27) | 0.85 | 0.83 (0.06) | 1.00 (0.09) | 1.20 (0.15) | 0.17 |
significant Differential Item Functioning (DIF) indicated by boxes
a
severity = the level of severity of disorder at which the item is most informative
b
discrimination = the relationship of the symptom to the latent trait (analagous to factor loadings from a factor analysis)
c
criterion was not endorsed by anyone in the sample and could not be included in the analyses