Table 1.

Summary of Test Measures and Outcome Variables

Measure	Outcome Variable	Maximum Score
Global cognitive screening13	Total score	100
Verbal knowledge
PMA-V14	Total correct minus one third of the number incorrect	50
Verbal fluency15
Letter fluency (F, A, S)	Total correct	NA
Semantic fluency (vegetables, fruits)	Total correct	NA
Figural memory
BVRT16,17	Total figures with errors*	26*
Verbal memory
CVLT18	Total of three List A learning trials	48
	Total for List B trial	16
	Total for short-delay trial	16
	Total for long-delay trial	16
Attention and working memory19
Digits forward	Total correct trials	14
Digits backward	Total correct trials	14
Spatial ability
Card rotations20	Total correct minus total incorrect	160
Fine motor speed21
Finger tapping, dominant hand	Total score	NA
Finger tapping, nondominant hand	Total score	NA
Affect22
PANAS-positive	Mean score	5
PANAS-negative	Mean score	5
Geriatric Depression Scale23,24	Total score	15

NOTE. Descriptions of tests of cognition and affect are found in Resnick et al.²⁵ Higher scores reflect poorer performance.

Abbreviations: PMA-V, Primary Mental Abilities-Vocabulary; NA, not applicable; BVRT, Benton Visual Retention Test; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; PANAS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule.

^*Plus additions of designs.