Table 5.
Baseline Mean (SE) Cognitive Measures and Mean Change From Baseline (SE) by Years Since Co-STAR Enrollment and Treatment Group
| Measure | Pretreatment Baseline Visit 1 |
Visit |
P |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 |
3 |
|||||||||||||
| Tamoxifen(n = 128) |
Raloxifene(n = 145) |
Tamoxifen(n = 124) |
Raloxifene(n = 140) |
Tamoxifen(n = 83) |
Raloxifene(n = 93) |
|||||||||
| Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Treatment | Visit | |
| Global cognition | ||||||||||||||
| 3MS | 94.9 | 0.59 | 95.0 | 0.54 | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.48 | 0.31 | −0.26 | 0.40 | 1.06 | 0.38 | .11 | .85 |
| Verbal knowledge | ||||||||||||||
| PMA-V | 30.8 | 1.26 | 29.7 | 1.17 | 1.08 | 0.41 | 1.12 | 0.38 | 1.20 | 0.47 | 1.70 | 0.45 | .68 | .25 |
| Verbal fluency | ||||||||||||||
| Letter fluency | 34.6 | 1.63 | 34.0 | 1.51 | 1.34 | 0.64 | 0.95 | 0.60 | 1.29 | 0.75 | 1.51 | 0.71 | .83 | .61 |
| Semantic fluency | 27.8 | 0.83 | 27.8 | 0.77 | 0.48 | 0.42 | 0.03 | 0.40 | −0.51 | 0.50 | −0.56 | 0.47 | .56 | .03 |
| Memory | ||||||||||||||
| BVRT errors | 7.9 | 0.55 | 8.1 | 0.51 | −0.48 | 0.30 | −0.40 | 0.28 | −0.73 | 0.34 | −1.41 | 0.32 | .62 | .003 |
| CVLT | ||||||||||||||
| Total List A trials | 28.4 | 0.86 | 28.5 | 0.80 | 1.51 | 0.43 | 1.51 | 0.40 | −3.31 | 0.50 | −1.89 | 0.48 | .31 | < .0001 |
| Total List B trials | 6.2 | 0.28 | 6.5 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.29 | 0.15 | −1.56 | 0.19 | −1.74 | 0.18 | .96 | < .0001 |
| Short-delay free recall | 8.2 | 0.44 | 8.1 | 0.40 | 0.59 | 0.21 | 0.46 | 0.20 | −0.96 | 0.25 | −0.36 | 0.24 | .60 | < .0001 |
| Long-delay free recall | 9.0 | 0.41 | 8.8 | 0.38 | 0.67 | 0.21 | 0.44 | 0.20 | −0.23 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.24 | .93 | .001 |
| Attention and working memory | ||||||||||||||
| Digits forward | 7.2 | 0.30 | 6.9 | 0.28 | −0.02 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.14 | −0.02 | 0.18 | −0.08 | 0.17 | .98 | .70 |
| Digits backward | 6.6 | 0.27 | 6.1 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.14 | −0.19 | 0.14 | −0.16 | 0.17 | −0.27 | 0.16 | .13 | .08 |
| Spatial ability | ||||||||||||||
| Card rotations | 58.4 | 3.87 | 62.6 | 3.59 | 7.16 | 1.69 | 8.00 | 1.58 | 6.10 | 1.97 | 5.40 | 1.86 | .90 | .17 |
| Fine motor speed | ||||||||||||||
| Finger tapping, dominant | 39.8 | 1.16 | 40.3 | 1.07 | 0.08 | 0.56 | −0.33 | 0.52 | 0.26 | 0.65 | −0.04 | 0.63 | .60 | .61 |
| Finger tapping, nondominant | 37.7 | 0.97 | 38.6 | 0.89 | 0.06 | 0.44 | −0.02 | 0.41 | −0.18 | 0.50 | −0.45 | 0.48 | .79 | .31 |
| Affect | ||||||||||||||
| PANAS-positive | 3.4 | 0.10 | 3.6 | 0.09 | −0.12 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.05 | −0.10 | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.05 | .06 | .69 |
| PANAS-negative | 1.8 | 0.09 | 1.7 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.06 | −0.06 | 0.05 | .40 | .07 |
| GDS | 2.0 | 0.29 | 1.9 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.57 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.18 | .15 | .43 |
NOTE. Adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, and baseline measure, for participants with true baseline measures (N = 273).
Abbreviations: SE, standard error of the mean; Co-STAR, Cognition in the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene; 3MS, Modified Mini Mental State Examination; PMA-V, Primary Mental Abilities-Vocabulary; BVRT, Benton Visual Retention Test; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; PANAS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale.