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. 2009 Sep;78(3):157–163.

Table V.

Author centre uses of Botulinum Toxin type A in movement disorders

Area Problems
Head and neck Sialorrhoea, Retro, lateral or rotatory torticollis

Shoulder Axillary hygiene, retraction, protraction, abduction, focal dystonia

Elbow Flexion, Extension

Wrist, thumb and hand Flexion, hand hygiene/hyperhydrosis, thumb adduction and flexion

Back Opisthotonus, extension, pain

Hip Pain secondary to spasm, flexion, adduction/scissoring, activities of daily living (toileting, dressing, changing), postural adaptation – comfort in sitting

Knee Pain, quadriceps spasticity, flexion, crouch/jump gait patterns

Ankle Equinus gait, inversion, pain

Foot, toe Claw toe, hitchhiker toe, dynamic toe and foot deformities