Table 2.

SIPOKS analysis of quality reporting systems issues for system flow weakness

NO.	Public Reporting Issues	Key Stakeholder (KS) Concerns	O	P	I	S
1	Accurate and complete source data	Accuracy of pre-populated administrative data, Abstraction inconsistent with abstraction guidelines, Week abstraction guidelines and/or data element definitions, Technical issues			x	x
2	Inconsistencies among various data sources for varied reporting systems	Problems with the universality of coverage and data standardization, Inadequacy of existing IT systems, manpower consumed			x	x
3	Validity and meaningfulness of output data, provision of performance benchmarks	Hospitals and physicians distrust and attempt to discredit the data. Benchmarking and interpretability needs to be enhanced	x	x
4	Minimal random error	Appropriate statistical processing		x
5	Accessibility and Awareness of all levels of staff	Not all levels of medical staff can access the data, misunderstanding of data	x
6	Timeliness	More of historic interest than a means of identifying present-day care, the change had already occurred by the time the data were issued.	x	x	x	x
7	Supplementary quality improvement support by reporting systems	Training and other quality improvement support can attract the involvement of hospitals	x

NOTE: SIPOKS is reversed from left to right. O: output, P: process, I: input, S: supplier

X means the segment of system flow is related to the issue