Table 1.
Listing of California Encephalitis Project (CEP) patients with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-positive encephalitis
| Age | Race/ethnicity | Reason for initial presentation | Neurologic abnormalities | Autonomic instability | Aggression/irritability | Hallucinations | Personality change | Seizures | Lowest GCS | Neoplasm | Lumbar puncture (LP) results | MRI | EEG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||||||||||
| CSF WBC | |||||||||||||
| CSF protein | |||||||||||||
| CSF glucose | |||||||||||||
| 11 | Pacific Islander | Left facial twitching with choreoathetoid movement of the arm and leg, headache | Choreoathetoid movements, ataxia, cranial nerve abn., tongue thrusting, facial twitching, aphasia | Tachycardia | N | Y | Y | Y | 8 | Y, ovarian teratoma | 6b | Abnormal; focal cerebritis of right, posterior frontal lobe | Right hemisphere slowing; no epileptiform activity |
| F | 23 | ||||||||||||
| 55 | |||||||||||||
| 11 | Asian | Mental status changes, psychosis, mouth twitching and muscular spasticity | Ataxia, mouth twitching, aphasia | Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia | Y | Yes, auditory and visual | Y | N | 14 | N | 16b | Normal | Diffuse slowing, no epileptiform activity |
| M | 23 | ||||||||||||
| Unk | |||||||||||||
| 11 | Asian | Headaches, fever, psychosis | Ataxia | N | Y | Y, olfactory | Y | Y | 15 | N | 26 (94%L) | Normal | Diffuse slowing; no epileptiform activity(?) |
| M | 29 | ||||||||||||
| 66 | |||||||||||||
| 12 | Pacific Islander | Mental status changes | Choreoathetoid movements | Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia | Y | N | Unk | Y | 8 | N | 170 (92%L, 2%M) | Abnormal; dural and meningeal enhancement | Diffuse slowing; some left frontal spikes |
| F | 67 | ||||||||||||
| 66 | |||||||||||||
| 18 | Black | Behavioral problems | Ataxia, cranial nerve abnormalities, aphasia | Blood pressure lability | Y | Y | Y | Y | 4 | N | 100 (94%L, 6%M) | Normal | Unk |
| F | 220 | ||||||||||||
| 72 | |||||||||||||
| 19 | White-Hispanic | Involuntary rightarm and shoulder movements | Choreoathetoid movements, left facial droop | Y | N | N | Y | N | 15 | N | 3 (89%L, 10%M, 1%P) | Abnormal; basal ganglia hyperintensity, bilaterally | Polymorphic bilateral frontopolar and frontal slowing |
| F | 27 | ||||||||||||
| 58 | |||||||||||||
| 19 | Black | Headache, personality change, nonsensical speech | Orofacial dyskinesias | Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, tachypnea, hypoventilation | Y | Y, auditory | Y | Y | 3 | N | 18 (93%L, 4%M, 3%P) | Abnormal; white matter demyelination (periventricular, thalamic,corpus callosum lesions) | Diffuse slowing; no epileptiform activity |
| M | 28 | ||||||||||||
| 62 | |||||||||||||
| 22 | Asian | Psychosis | Choreoathetoid movements, orofacial dyskinesias, aphasia | Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, tachypnea, hypoventilation | Y | Y, auditory | Y | Y | 8 | N | 13 (84%L, 3%M, 11%P) | Normal | Temporal epileptiform activity with left>right |
| M | 21 | ||||||||||||
| 57 | |||||||||||||
| 27 | Hispanic | Headaches, confusion, psychosis | Ataxia, bruxisms, lingual dyskinesias, tongue biting, aphasia | Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, hypoventilation | N | N | Y | Y | Unk | Y, ovarian teratoma | 118 (85%L, 10%M, 5%P) | Normal | Diffuse slowing; no epileptiform activity |
| F | 30 | ||||||||||||
| 63 | |||||||||||||
| 31 | Black | Headache, fever | Choreoathetoid movements, ataxia, cranial nerve abn., with left eyedeviation | Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, tachypnea | Y | Unka | Y | Y | 3 | N | 34 (93%L, 7%M) | Normal | Diffuse slowing; no epileptiform activity |
| F | 33 | ||||||||||||
| 58 |
Y = yes; N = no; F = female; M = male; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; WBC = white blood cell; abn. = abnormalities; MRI =magnetic resonance imaging; EEG = electroencephalogram; L = lymphocytes; M = monocytes; P = polymorphocytes
aSeverely altered, unable to report
bDifferential not done or unknown