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. 1999 Feb 20;318(7182):487–493. doi: 10.1136/bmj.318.7182.487

Table 3.

Differences (95% confidence intervals) between active and control treatment in change in stress incontinence measured by efficacy variables from baseline to 6 months

Variable Exercise v control Electrical stimulation v control Cones v control
Episodes of leakage in 3 days −1.5 (−2.6 to −0.4) −1 (−2.1 to 0.1) 0.5 (−2.4 to 3.4)
Stress pad test −17.5 (−36.5 to 1.5) 5.3 (−14.5 to 25.1)  −2.0 (−21.4 to 17.4)
24 h pad test   0.5 (−15.3 to 16.3) 6.6 (−9.0 to 22.2) −14.9 (−51.1 to 21.3)
Leakage index −1.0 (−1.3 to 0.7) −0.3 (−0.6 to −0.1) −0.4 (−0.7 to −0.1)
Social activity index 0.8 (0.1 to 1.5) 0.8 (0.3 to 1.4) 0.3 (−0.3 to 0.9)