FIG. 5.

Proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and D1 stem cells in three-dimensional culture using cyclic versus linear arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptides. (A) Normalized growth rates of D1 cells (cross-hatch) and primary hBMSCs (filled) cultured on DS 2 linear or cyclic RGD–presenting alginate substrates. Growth rates were calculated from cell counts 5 days postseeding and normalized by dividing the growth rate for each cell type on cyclic RGD by the growth rate for the same cell type cultured on gels with the same density of linear RGD. Osteocalcin protein secretion of D1 (B) and primary hBMSCs (C) encapsulated in DS 2 cyclic RGD–modified alginate (triangle), DS 2 linear RGD–modified alginate (diamond), or unmodified alginate (open square). D1 cells were cultured in medium supplemented with 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate for osteogenic induction at 37^°C and 5% carbon dioxide for 21 days. Primary hBMSCs were cultured in medium supplemented with 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, and 0.1μm dexamethasone. Values represent means and standard deviations (n = 3 or 4). ^*p < 0.05 between noted conditions.