S-glutathionylation and GRx-regulation of proteins involved in insulin secretion (1a–6a) and insulin signaling (6b–12b). S-glutathionylation has been implicated in regulation of aldose reductase (1a), SERCA calcium channels (3a), PKC (4a), NF-κB (5a and 12b), PTP-1B (6b), Ras (7b), MEKK (8b), c-Jun (9b), Akt (10b), and IKK (11b). Grx has been reported to be involved in potassium channel gating (2a) and insulin secretion (6a).