TABLE 1.

Common Features of Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis

• 70 kb Virulence plasmid encodes injectisome and common effector proteins

• Temperature-dependent phenotypes

• Ability of kill macrophages: apoptosis and pyroptosis

• Lymphotropism during infection: buboes and mesenteric lymphadenitis

• Bi-phasic infection:

• initial bacterial replication without inflammation

• host response from phagocytes with cytokine production, inflammation, and tissue necrosis