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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 5.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2008 Oct 23;103(12):1483–1491. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.177055

Figure 1. Overall embryonic growth characteristics and assessment of cardiac defects in N629D mutant embryos.

Figure 1

Top row shows +/+ and the bottom row shows N629D/N629D embryos. Panel A shows the embryonic size of +/+ embryos versus homozygous N629D /N629D in Panels (H) at E 9.0. Panel B shows the ventral views of E9.5 +/+ versus homozygous N629D/N629D hearts in Panel I. Normal looping with bulboventricular groove (arrow) and a U- shaped cardiac loop in wild type (B) whereas pericardial effusion and overall defective looping and abnormal cardiac morphological architecture including poor development of the proximal parts of the outflow tract were found in homozygous N629D/N629D embryos (I). LV indicates left ventricle, RV indicates right ventricle and OT indicates outflow tract. In the homozygous N629D mice it is difficult to distinguish right and left ventricles and primitive ventricle is labeled V. Panel C,D,E show the hematoxylin and eosin stained coronal sections of +/+ embryos versus the homozygous N629D/N629D embryos (J,K,L). The N629D/N629D embryos show a poorly developed bulbus cordis. The first branchial arch and aortic sac are dilated and distorted. Arrowhead in C and J show 1st branchial arch artery and arrow shows the mandible; AS, aortic sac; OT, outflow track. The bars in Panels G, N indicate 20 µM, in other panels = 200 µM.

Panel F, M (lower power) and G, N (higher power magnification of boxed regions of F,M) show overall immunohistochemical protein expression in +/+ (F, G) versus N629D/N629D hearts (M, N). Overall N629D/N629D protein expression is not substantially reduced compared to +/+ protein expression.