Table 6.

Summary of χ² tests of the association between ethnicity/race and services across two years

	PA		AZ		Effect direction
	Juvenile (N=)	Adult (N=)	Juvenile (N=)	Adult (N=)
Residential setting
1. Drug and alcohol treatment unit	13.59**	NC	2.48	0.63	Fewer African American
2. Psychiatric hospital or unit	8.22*	NC	2.55	1.27	Fewer African American
3. Shelter	1.44	0.46	4.18	0.58
4. Detention	0.25	0.23	3.64	3.21
5. Jail/prison	2.50	0.70	7.31*	9.31*	Fewer Caucasian
6. YDC/ADJC	2.61	NC	3.52	1.46
7. Contracted residential-mental health	5.05	NC	1.63	1.92
8. Contract residential	5.80	0.71	032	10.47**	Fewer Hispanic
Community-based treatment type
1. Individual	6.66*	0.46	7.34*	4.21	PA: fewer African American AZ: more then expected African American
2. School-based	5.10	NC	2.06	3.22
3. Group	1.87	NC	7.18*	17.96***	More Caucasian
4. Partial	0.02	0.23	2.60	6.52
5. In-home	1.52	NC	2.30	4.58
6. Case manager	6.61*	0.46	10.75**	2.64	PA: African American AZ: Hispanic
7. Vocational	0.04	0.23	0.15	0.58

NC = not calculated because no participants in the adult system were in this setting.

^*p<.05,

^**p<.01,

^***p<.001.