Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with diabetes
| Characteristic | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|
| n | 416 | 367 |
| Age (yr; mean ± SD) | 63.6 ± 11.1a | 65.2 ± 12.0 |
| Age at onset (yr; mean ± SD) | 49.7 ± 12.3a | 52.0 ± 13.6 |
| Duration of diabetes (yr; mean ± SD) | 13.9 ± 11.5 | 13.2 ± 9.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2; mean ± SD) | 23.3 ± 3.5 | 23.1 ± 3.8 |
| HbA1c (%; mean ± SD) | 7.2 ± 1.2b | 7.4 ± 1.3 |
| SBP (mmHg; mean ± SD) | 135 ± 16b | 131 ± 18 |
| DBP (mmHg; mean ± SD) | 77 ± 10c | 71 ± 11 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L; mean ± SD) | 4.97 ± 0.83 | 5.28 ± 0.86 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L; mean ± SD) | 1.53 ± 1.01 | 1.46 ± 1.03 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L; mean ± SD) | 1.32 ± 0.36c | 1.55 ± 0.41 |
| Smoking (none/past/current) | 89/192/135c | 276/41/50 |
| Retinopathy (NDR/SDR/PDR) | 286/59/71 | 239/59/69 |
| Nephropathy (normo-/micro-/macroalbuminuria) | 230/130/56 | 207/123/37 |
| Cardiovascular disease (−/+) | 339/77a | 322/45 |
| Current treatment (diet/OHA/insulin) | 52/268/96 | 31/226/110 |
| Total leukocyte count (106/L; mean ± SD) | 6730 ± 1830 | 6260 ± 1740 |
| Eosinophil count (106/L; mean ± SD) | 210 ± 150b | 180 ± 140 |
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic BP; NDR, no diabetic retinopathy; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agents; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; SDR, simple diabetic retinopathy.
a
P < 0.05,
b
P < 0.01,
c
P < 0.0001 versus women.