Time-concentration profiles for plasma HMMA after administration of 2 and 10 mg/kg MDMA by the intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, or oral route. Rats bearing indwelling jugular catheters received MDMA at time 0, and blood specimens (0.25 ml) were withdrawn via catheters at 0.8, 0.16, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7, and 10 h after treatment. Plasma was assayed for HMMA by GCMS as described under Materials and Methods. Data are the mean ± S.D. for n = 4 to 5 rats/group.