Fig. 1.

Regulation of AC isoforms. General patterns of regulation are shown for individual isoforms and, where appropriate, closely related ACs. Broken lines indicate modes of regulation that differ between grouped isoforms. AKAPs known to associate with AC isoforms are indicated. For simplicity, not all forms of regulation are shown. CAM, calmodulin; CNG, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; G_s, heterotrimeric Gα_s · βγ; PAM, protein activator of myc; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; RGS, regulator of G protein signaling.