Fig. 3.

Languages with multiple motifs. (A) Histogram of the number of languages with one to four motifs at K = 4. Full dataset (black bars indicate K-means; gray bars, spectral clustering). White bars indicate aggressively culled data (hierarchical clustering). (B) Full dataset of languages (spheres) in tetrahedral coordinates based on the prevalence of the motifs within languages obtained by K-means analysis. False colors indicate the most frequent motif: Dark (black), Gray (yellow), Grue (cyan), and GBP (blue). Full dataset (C) and culled dataset (D) projected onto the Dark–Grue–GBP facet, with contour plots of language density based on a Gaussian sampling kernel (σ = 0.01). Languages on the rising facets of the tetrahedron project to the edges of the triangles in C and D.