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PC-046 causes both early apoptotic and necrotic cell death in BxPC3 DPC-4(−/−) cells. BxPC3 DPC-4(−/−) cells were treated for 24 (A), 48 (B), or 72 h (C) with increasing concentrations of PC-046. Percentage of necrotic, viable, and early apoptotic cells was measured by dual labeling using Annexin V-Alexa Fluor 488, and PI and analyzed by flow cytometry. Mean ± S.E.M., n = 3. Statistically different from untreated group at *, p < 0.002; **, p < 0.001; ***, p < 0.01.
