Fig. 3.

EFN secretion, ant activity, and defense. (A) Numbers of P. ferrugineus workers passing near fresh lesions are depicted as a function of EFN secretion of the respective plant separately for A. cornigera and A. hindsii. The distribution of data are indicated by box-whisker plots and differed significantly between the plant species (Mann–Whitney-U test: P < 0.001). (B) The higher activity of ants on the high-reward species A. cornigera translates to a higher defensive effect, because leaf damage (calculated as percentage of damaged leaflets) suffered by this species increased significantly more over 3 weeks of ant exclusion than for the low-reward species A. hindsii.