Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| T1 |
T2 |
T3 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | No. or mean | SD | No. or mean | SD | No. or mean | SD |
| Sex | ||||||
| Boys | 118 | 105 | 103 | |||
| Girls | 96 | 88 | 82 | |||
| Age in months | 73.48 | 9.40 | 91.92 | 9.96 | 116.88 | 11.1 |
| Ethnicitya | ||||||
| Native American | 10 | 6 | 5 | |||
| African American | 7 | 7 | 7 | |||
| Hispanic | 26 | 24 | 22 | |||
| Asian | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| White | 163 | 149 | 145 | |||
| Other | 7 | 6 | 5 | |||
| Income per annum (in dollars)b | 43,000 | 26,000 | 40,000–60,000 | 2.96 | 60,000–80,000 | 3.40 |
| Mothers’ education (in years)c | 14.11 | 2.49 | 3.80 | 1.37 | 3.86 | 1.42 |
| Fathers’ education (in years)c | 14.06 | 3.05 | 3.84 | 1.59 | 3.82 | 1.62 |
| Mothers | 209 | 192 | 174 | |||
| Fathers | 116 | 115 | 95 | |||
| Teachers | 194 | 180 | 163 | |||
a
The first language in the homes was not assessed.
b
At T1, participants responded to an open-ended question regarding their income, but at T2 and T3, participants selected their income from a 5-point scale (1 = less than $20,000 per year, 2 = $20,000–$40,000 per year, 3 = $40,000–$60,000 per year, 4 = $60,000–$80,000 per year, 5 = $80,000–$100,000 per year, and 6 = greater than $100,000 per year).
c
At T1 participants wrote the number of years of education, but at T2 and T3 participants selected from a 5-point scale (1 = less than high school diploma, 2 = high school or equivalent, 3 = some college, not yet graduated, 4 = 2-year college degree or trade school, 5 = college degree, or 6 = professional degree).