Table 3.
Means and Standard Deviations (in Parentheses) for Measures of Temperament Within Problem Behavior Group at Time 3 Assessment
| Mother/parent |
Father |
Teacher |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | CONT | INT | EXT | CO | CONT | INT | EXT | CO | CONT | INT | EXT | CO |
| Time 1 variable | ||||||||||||
| Regulation/impulsivity | ||||||||||||
| Attention | ||||||||||||
| Mother report | 4.62 (0.65) | 4.41 (0.63) | 4.17 (0.72) | 4.01 (0.70) | 4.43 (0.68) | 4.53 (0.63) | 3.67 (0.62) | 4.25 (0.67) | 4.49 (0.72) | 4.51 (0.76) | 4.08 (0.62) | 4.07 (0.70) |
| Teacher report | 5.35 (0.87) | 4.97 (0.93) | 4.50 (0.97) | 4.22 (0.95) | 5.04 (0.94) | 5.30 (1.16) | 4.58 (0.68) | 4.43 (1.04) | 5.02 (0.97) | 5.39 (0.97) | 4.73 (0.81) | 4.04 (0.99) |
| Inhibitory control | ||||||||||||
| Mother report | 4.91 (0.73) | 4.75 (0.73) | 4.34 (0.93) | 4.14 (1.00) | 4.81 (0.79) | 5.04 (0.89) | 3.67 (0.95) | 4.36 (0.97) | 4.67 (0.91) | 4.89 (0.90) | 4.50 (0.83) | 4.36 (0.82) |
| Teacher report | 5.53 (0.84) | 5.07 (1.01) | 4.89 (1.18) | 4.38 (1.03) | 5.31 (0.95) | 5.78 (0.97) | 4.89 (1.16) | 4.52 (1.31) | 5.22 (1.00) | 5.55 (0.95) | 4.83 (0.82) | 4.35 (1.24) |
| Observed persistence | 0.60 (0.30) | 0.55 (0.29) | 0.49 (0.32) | 0.56 (0.30) | 0.60 (0.31) | 0.64 (0.35) | 0.40 (0.21) | 0.72 (0.31) | 0.60 (0.29) | 0.61 (0.30) | 0.48 (0.28) | 0.62 (0.33) |
| Impulsivity | ||||||||||||
| Mother report | 4.43 (.82) | 4.31 (.67) | 4.89 (0.85) | 4.68 (0.91) | 4.43 (0.86) | 3.93 (0.67) | 4.83 (0.44) | 4.93 (0.81) | 4.41 (0.79) | 4.07 (0.86) | 4.94 (0.72) | 4.94 (0.58) |
| Teacher report | 3.90 (1.07) | 3.94 (1.28) | 4.26 (0.99) | 4.47 (1.11) | 3.86 (1.11) | 3.13 (0.81) | 4.90 (0.50) | 4.40 (1.37) | 4.00 (1.16) | 3.51 (1.18) | 4.60 (0.92) | 4.43 (1.14) |
| Emotionality | ||||||||||||
| Anger | ||||||||||||
| Mother report | 4.55 (0.75) | 4.81 (0.85) | 5.11 (0.82) | 5.27 (0.86) | 4.76 (0.82) | 4.59 (0.89) | 5.72 (0.89) | 5.21 (0.92) | 4.72 (0.88) | 4.77 (0.98) | 4.99 (0.88) | 5.12 (0.66) |
| Teacher report | 3.41 (1.10) | 3.75 (1.23) | 4.25 (1.17) | 4.27 (1.34) | 3.66 (1.16) | 3.48 (1.43) | 3.70 (1.48) | 4.65 (1.41) | 3.45 (1.19) | 3.68 (1.26) | 3.81 (1.20) | 4.77 (1.14) |
| Sadness | ||||||||||||
| Mother report | 4.28 (0.70) | 4.60 (0.82) | 4.28 (0.84) | 4.58 (0.76) | 4.40 (0.72) | 4.21 (0.68) | 4.07 (1.05) | 4.65 (.64) | 4.33 (.71) | 4.53 (.91) | 4.42 (.60) | 4.51 (.71) |
| Teacher report | 3.39 (0.88) | 3.52 (0.96) | 3.62 (0.91) | 3.66 (0.86) | 3.69 (0.93) | 3.28 (1.24) | 2.84 (0.94) | 3.89 (0.69) | 3.46 (0.85) | 3.64 (0.97) | 3.16 (0.95) | 3.70 (0.95) |
| Time 3 variables | ||||||||||||
| Regulation/impulsivity | ||||||||||||
| Attention | ||||||||||||
| Mother report | 4.86 (0.68) | 4.70 (0.65) | 4.47 (0.64) | 4.12 (0.71) | 4.75 (0.70) | 4.41 (0.61) | 4.30 (0.89) | 4.15 (0.78) | 4.70 (0.77) | 4.70 (0.77) | 4.38 (0.71) | 4.21 (0.61) |
| Teacher report | 4.94 (0.92) | 4.85 (1.06) | 4.51 (1.37) | 4.42 (1.00) | 4.97 (1.04) | 5.01 (0.91) | 5.34 (0.79) | 3.97 (0.92) | 5.11 (0.91) | 4.94 (0.93) | 4.14 (1.04) | 3.80 (0.78) |
| Inhibitory control | ||||||||||||
| Mother report | 5.29 (0.73) | 5.27 (0.74) | 4.59 (0.72) | 4.45 (0.94) | 5.20 (0.76) | 5.26 (0.72) | 3.90 (0.98) | 4.33 (0.97) | 5.03 (0.92) | 5.26 (0.75) | 4.76 (0.84) | 4.55 (0.91) |
| Teacher report | 5.22 (1.06) | 5.42 (1.05) | 4.30 (1.28) | 4.79 (1.12) | 5.34 (1.09) | 5.47 (0.96) | 5.02 (0.76) | 4.13 (1.09) | 5.45 (0.85) | 5.62 (0.87) | 4.17 (1.01) | 3.73 (0.91) |
| Observed persistence | 0.69 (0.32) | 0.72 (0.26) | 0.80 (0.25) | 0.70 (0.31) | 0.73 (0.31) | 0.70 (0.25) | 0.75 (0.31) | 0.72 (0.32) | 0.74 (0.30) | 0.71 (0.29) | 0.64 (0.30) | 0.58 (0.39) |
| Impulsivity | ||||||||||||
| Mother report | 4.28 (0.79) | 3.84 (0.77) | 5.01 (0.86) | 4.51 (0.89) | 4.27 (0.80) | 3.53 (0.51) | 5.35 (1.31) | 4.74 (0.87) | 4.32 (0.87) | 3.67 (0.81) | 4.96 (0.64) | 4.66 (0.72) |
| Teacher report | 3.88 (0.76) | 3.72 (0.78) | 4.45 (0.94) | 4.14 (0.85) | 3.83 (0.83) | 3.51 (0.61) | 4.43 (0.98) | 4.29 (0.84) | 3.76 (0.70) | 3.51 (0.51) | 4.72 (0.77) | 4.49 (0.83) |
| Emotionality | ||||||||||||
| Anger | ||||||||||||
| Mother report | 4.01 (0.66) | 4.34 (0.86) | 4.64 (0.58) | 4.83 (0.87) | 4.15 (0.72) | 4.38 (0.74) | 4.83 (0.73) | 4.83 (0.87) | 4.20 (0.80) | 4.35 (0.92) | 4.31 (0.90) | 4.84 (0.76) |
| Teacher report | 3.50 (1.05) | 3.41 (1.16) | 3.55 (1.09) | 3.71 (1.18) | 3.40 (1.13) | 3.59 (1.08) | 3.47 (1.23) | 3.88 (1.45) | 2.98 (0.95) | 3.56 (0.97) | 4.07 (0.60) | 5.03 (0.69) |
| Sadness | ||||||||||||
| Mother report | 3.86 (0.66) | 4.33 (0.70) | 4.11 (0.44) | 4.49 (0.74) | 3.95 (0.68) | 4.46 (0.54) | 3.73 (0.31) | 4.33 (0.51) | 4.07 (0.77) | 4.17 (0.72) | 4.02 (0.71) | 4.27 (0.59) |
| Teacher report | 3.66 (0.84) | 3.64 (0.90) | 3.24 (0.79) | 3.35 (0.99) | 3.55 (0.96) | 4.14 (1.22) | 3.16 (0.67) | 3.36 (0.95) | 3.19 (0.83) | 4.00 (0.95) | 3.38 (0.79) | 4.28 (0.59) |
Note. T3 = third assessment; CONT = control group; INT = internalizer group; EXT = externalizer group; CO = co-occurring group.