Table 4.
Prediction of Group Status From Effortful Control and Impulsivity at Time 3 Assessment
| Control vs. internalizers |
Internalizers vs. externalizers |
Control vs. externalizers |
Control vs. co-occurring |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confidence limits |
Confidence limits |
Confidence limits |
Confidence limits |
|||||||||||||
| Variable | Contrast | OR | Lower | Upper | Contrast | OR | Lower | Upper | Contrast | OR | Lower | Upper | Contrast | OR | Lower | Upper |
| Attention | ||||||||||||||||
| Parent report | I > E** (father) | .18 | 0.05 | 0.63 | C > E* (mother) | .28 | 0.11 | 0.77 | C > CO** (mother) | .14 | 0.07 | 0.31 | ||||
| I > E† (teacher) | .46 | 0.19 | 1.06 | C > E** (father) | .16 | 0.05 | 0.50 | C > CO* (father) | .43 | 0.21 | 0.89 | |||||
| C > E* (teacher) | .44 | 0.22 | 0.88 | C > CO** (teacher) | .28 | 0.12 | 0.64 | |||||||||
| Teacher report | C > I† (mother) | .61 | 0.36 | 1.02 | I > E** (teacher) | .27 | 0.13 | 0.58 | C > E** (teacher) | .27 | 0.14 | 0.50 | C > CO** (teacher) | .10 | 0.04 | 0.23 |
| C > E** (mother) | .39 | 0.19 | 0.78 | C > CO** (mother) | .28 | 0.16 | 0.47 | |||||||||
| C > CO** (father) | .38 | 0.22 | 0.64 | |||||||||||||
| Inhibitory control | ||||||||||||||||
| Parent report | I > E* (mother) | .40 | 0.18 | 0.92 | C > E** (mother) | .31 | 0.14 | 0.66 | C > CO** (mother) | .23 | 0.13 | 0.42 | ||||
| I > E** (father) | .08 | 0.03 | 0.27 | C > E** (father) | .10 | 0.04 | 0.30 | C > CO** (father) | .36 | 0.19 | 0.67 | |||||
| C > CO* (teacher) | .50 | 0.28 | 0.90 | |||||||||||||
| Teacher report | I > E** (teacher) | .17 | 0.07 | 0.38 | C > E** (teacher) | .20 | 0.10 | 0.39 | C > CO** (teacher) | .08 | 0.03 | 0.19 | ||||
| I > E* (mother) | .45 | 0.22 | 0.92 | C > E** (mother) | .35 | 0.18 | 0.69 | C > CO** (mother) | .35 | 0.21 | 0.56 | |||||
| C > CO** (father) | .36 | 0.22 | 0.60 | |||||||||||||
| Observed persistence | C > E* (teacher) | .13 | 0.02 | 0.71 | ||||||||||||
| Impulsivity | ||||||||||||||||
| Parent report | C > I* (mother) | .57 | 0.33 | 0.98 | I < E** (mother) | 5.30 | 0.218 | 12.9 | C < E** (mother) | 3.00 | 1.37 | 6.59 | C < CO† (mother) | 1.66 | 1.00 | 2.77 |
| C > I** (father) | .38 | 0.20 | 0.72 | I < E** (father) | 13.41 | 4.09 | 44.0 | C < E** (father) | 5.05 | 1.80 | 14.16 | C < CO† (father) | 1.80 | 0.98 | 3.31 | |
| C > I** (teacher) | .45 | 0.25 | 0.72 | I < E** (teacher) | 5.86 | 2.63 | 13.1 | C < E** (teacher) | 2.64 | 1.42 | 4.91 | C < CO** (teacher) | 2.44 | 1.24 | 4.80 | |
| Teacher report | I < E** (teacher) | 7.88 | 3.38 | 18.4 | C < E** (teacher) | 5.03 | 2.52 | 10.03 | C < CO** (teacher) | 3.52 | 1.74 | 7.14 | ||||
| I < E* (mother) | 2.48 | 1.12 | 4.51 | C < E* (mother) | 2.19 | 1.06 | 4.50 | C < CO** (mother) | 2.09 | 1.27 | 3.44 | |||||
| C < CO* (father) | 1.72 | 1.01 | 2.95 | |||||||||||||
Note. Reporter for problem behaviors is indicated in parentheses after each comparison. C = Control group; I = pure internalizers group; E = pure externalizers group; CO = co-occurring group. OR = odds ratio. Odds ratios over 1.0 indicate an increase in the likelihood of being in the group in bolded type in the heading, whereas an odds ratio less than 1.0 indicates a decrease in the likelihood of being in the bolded group.
†
p < .10.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.