CyPA expression correlated with VCAM-1 expression and inflammatory cell accumulation. Representative immunostaining of VCAM-1 (A–D) and CD45 (F–I) in sham and ligated carotids from wild-type (WT) and CyPA−/− mice. Scale bars, 50 μm. (E) Western blot comparison of VCAM-1 in carotid homogenates of WT (n = 8, black bars) and CyPA−/− mice (n = 6, white bars) at 7 days after ligation. Equal protein loading was confirmed with tubulin. (J) The number of CD45+ cells in intima and media is increased by ligation in WT mice (n = 9, black bars) and was significantly less in CyPA−/− mice (n = 8, white bars). Results are mean ± SD. †P < 0.05; ⋆P < 0.01.